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Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds Solutions

Question - 1 : - What would be the electron dot structure of carbon dioxide which has the formula CO2?

Answer - 1 : -

Question - 2 : - What would be the electron dot structure of a molecule of Sulphur which is made up of eight atoms of Sulphur?

Answer - 2 : -

Question - 3 : - How many structural isomers can you draw for pentane?

Answer - 3 : -

Structural isomer of pentane are
n-pentane
2-methylbutane
2, 2-dimethylpropane
2-methylbutane

Question - 4 : - What are the two properties of carbon which lead to the huge number of carbon compounds we see around us?

Answer - 4 : -

Two properties of carbon which lead to the huge number of carbon compounds we see around us are
• Carbon has six valence electrons which are actually a high number of valency.
• Covalent bonding happens easily with carbon atoms and numerous others such as oxygen, chlorine, nitrogen, Sulphur, hydrogen, etc.

Question - 5 : - What will be the formula and electron dot structure of cyclopentane?

Answer - 5 : -

Question - 6 : -
Draw the structures for the following compounds.

Answer - 6 : -

(i) Ethanoic acid
(ii) Bromopentane*
(iii) Butanone
(iv) Hexanal

Answer
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

Question - 7 : - How would you name the following compounds?

Answer - 7 : -

  • CH3—CH2—Br

Answer
1. Bromoethane
2. Methanal or Formaldehyde
3. Hexyne
Conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid involves the removal of Hydrogen atom and addition of oxygen it is an oxidation reaction. In the first step, a H2 molecule is removed from ethanol to form ethanal. As loss of Hydrogen is oxidation so, the reaction is an oxidation reaction. Similarly Oxygen atom is added to form ethanoic acid from ethanal. As, gain of Oxygen is called oxidation so, the reaction is an oxidation reaction.

    Question - 8 : - A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. Can you tell why a mixture of ethyne and air is not used?

    Answer - 8 : - A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding instead of mixture of ethyne and air because the production of heat is very important for welding metals. When oxygen and ethyne are burnt, it burns completely and produces a higher temperature than air and ethyne. Oxygen and ethyne produce very hot blue flame but the mixture of air and ethyne gives out a sooty flame which means that there are unburnt particles, resulting in lesser heat.

    Question - 9 : - How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?

    Answer - 9 : -

    On reaction with Sodium Carbonate, Carboxylic acids produces carbon dioxide gas which turns lime water milky whereas alcohols do not give this reaction. This experiment can be used to distinguish an alcohol and carboxylic acid.
    Reaction of Carboxylic acid with sodium carbonate:

    2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 →2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2

    Question - 10 : - What are oxidising agents?

    Answer - 10 : - Oxidising agents are those compounds which either removes Hydrogen or adds oxygen to a compound. Ex: halogens, potassium nitrate, and nitric acid.

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