Chapter 2 Sectors of the Indian Economy Solutions
Question - 11 : - For each of the sectors that we came across in this chapter why should one focus on employment and GDP?
Answer - 11 : - Could there be other issues which should be examined? Discuss.
Answer
Employment and GDP are two of the most important factors in the development of a country. Employment and GDP are used to calculate the overall productivity and National income of a country. If a country has a high employment rate, its GDP, National Income and per capita income will automatically increase. Hence, these are the two things which have been given major emphasis in this chapter.
Other issues which should be examined are as follows:
1. Health care facilities
2. Education
3. Poverty
4. Food Production
5. Nourishment
Answer - 12 : -
In what way can you classify them? Explain your choice.
Answer: The activities performed by human beings for a living are classified into three sectors: primary, secondary and tertiary. When we see people around us, we can classify their employment sector in either of the three classifications. Activities like cleaning, agriculture, selling vegetables are examples of the primary sector. Manufacturing of goods is an example of the secondary sector. Teaching, mining, banking, transportation are all examples of the tertiary sector.
Question - 13 : - How is the tertiary sector different from other sectors? Illustrate with a few examples.
Answer - 13 : - The are activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors are called tertiary activities. These activities are different from the primary and secondary sector activities. These activities, by themselves, do not produce a good but they are an aid or support for the production process. For example, goods that are produced in the primary or secondary sector would need to be transported by trucks or trains and then sold in wholesale and retail shops. These transportation facilities and shopkeepers come under the tertiary sector. They do not produce goods but play a very important role in selling and bringing those goods to the market.
Question - 14 : - What do you understand by disguised unemployment? Explain with an example each from the urban and rural areas.
Answer - 14 : -
The situation of underemployment, where people are apparently working but all of them are made to work less than their potential is called disguised unemployment. In this case, the person considers himself employed but is actually not working.
In rural areas, where agriculture is the main source of income, this kind of unemployment can be seen often. If a piece of land requires only three people to work on it and instead five people are working on it, then the two extra people are said to be in a situation of disguised unemployment.
In urban areas, disguised unemployment is seen when painters, plumbers, electricians are unable to find work on a daily basis and work way less than their potential.
Question - 15 : - Distinguish between open unemployment and disguised unemployment.
Answer - 15 : - Open unemployment is when a person is willing to work, is educated but is unable to get a job and work. This kind of unemployment is visible. On the other hand, disguised unemployment is when a person is apparently working but is made to work less than his or her potential. This kind of employment is quite evident in villages where people working in farms consider themselves employed but are actually working less than their potential.
Question - 16 : - “Tertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of Indian economy.”
Answer - 16 : - Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Answer
No, this is not correct. The tertiary sector is playing a significant role in the development of the Indian Economy. In the year 2003, the tertiary sector replaced the primary sector as the most producing sector in the country. A few reasons to support this are given below:
1. The primary and secondary sectors can only flourish if the tertiary sector is there to support them.
2. The tertiary sector adds up a lot to the National income of the country.
3. Education, which is the basis of everything, comes under the tertiary sector. A person working as a teacher comes under the tertiary sector.
4. This sector provides the maximum employment opportunities to the people in the country.
Answer - 17 : -
Service sector in India employs two different types of people. These people are:
1. Highly Skilled labour, which includes teachers, bankers, IT officials, etc. These people are permanently employed.
2. Less Skilled Labour, which includes vendors, electricians, plumber, etc. These people are not permanently employed.
Question - 18 : - Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. Do you agree with this view?
Answer - 18 : -
Give reasons in support of your answer.
Answe
The unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units, which are largely outside the control of the government. There are rules and regulations but these are not followed. Jobs here are low paid and not regular. Hence, it is correct to say that workers are exploited in the unorganised sector because more work is taken from them in comparison to what they are paid. They have no provisions or extra pay for overtime and no medical benefits. The biggest problem in working in this sector is that there is no job security.
Question - 19 : - How are the activities in the economy classified on the basis of employment conditions?
Answer - 19 : -
On the basis of the employment conditions, the economy can be classified into two sectors:
1. Organised Sector: Enterprises registered under the Government of India, who have an employee-friendly environment and are provided with various facilities including high wages.
2. Unorganised Sector: Small and scattered units which are temporary. The employees in this sector are paid less.
Question - 20 : - Compare the employment conditions prevailing in the organised and unorganised sectors.
Answer - 20 : -
In the organised sector, the employees are given higher wages, medical facilities, a healthy working environment and their jobs are permanent. They are not liable to look for a new source of income each day.
In the unorganised sector, the wages are low, the employees are exploited, no extra income for extra time is given, no medical facilities are provided and the work environment is unhealthy.