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(i) The term `outsider artтАЩ was coined by art critic Roger Cardinal in 1972 as an English synonym for `art brutтАЩ or `raw artтАЩ, a label created by French artist Jean Dubuffet. It refers to art created outside the boundaries of culture. It is an art by the untutored geniuses who have received no formal training and have no right to be called artists. These artists are never institutionalised because of their unconventional ideas. They illustrate elaborate fantasy worlds.
(ii) The тАЬuntutored geniusтАЭ who created тАЬparadiseтАЭ was Nek Chand, an 80- year old creator-director who made the world famous rock garden at Chandigarh. His was an тАШoutsider artтАЩ in which he sculpted with stone and recycled materials. He used anything and everything from a tin to a sink to a broken down car to form an artistic piece. One of his famous creations are тАШWomen by the WaterfallтАЩ.