Question -
Answer -
(a) Commensalism
(b) Parasitism
(c) Camouflage
(d) Mutualism
(e) Interspecific competition
Answer
(a) Commensalism
The interaction between two species wherein one species is benefited and the other remains unaffected in known as commensalism. Examples – Barnacles attached to a whale’s body and an orchid growing on the branches of a mango tree
(b) Parasitism
The interaction between two species wherein one species is positively affected (typically the smaller one) and the other is negatively affected (typically the larger one) is known as Parasitism. Example – Liver fluke is a parasite living within the body of the host and deriving nutrition from it. Here, the parasite benefits from the host, as it derives nutrition from it while the host is affected negatively as the parasite reduces the host fitness causing its body to get weak.
(c) Camouflage
It is a tactic taken up by the prey to escape from predators. Intrinsically, organisms are colored to easily blend with their surroundings and escape from their predators. Several insects and frog species camouflage to escape their predators.
(d) Mutualism
An interaction between two species wherein both species involved are benefited is Mutualism. Example – lichens exhibit a mutual symbiotic relationship between blue green algae and fungi. Here, both are equally benefited from each other.
(e) Interspecific competition
An interaction between individuals of different species wherein both are negatively affected is interspecific competition. Example – The competition between resident fishes and flamingoes in South American lakes for shared food resources, that is, zooplankton