Question -
Answer -
(a) Geometricisomerism:
This type of isomerism is common inheteroleptic complexes. It arises due to the different possible geometricarrangements of the ligands. For example:
(b) Opticalisomerism:
This type of isomerism arises in chiralmolecules. Isomers are mirror images of each other and are non-superimposable.
(c) Linkageisomerism: This type of isomerism is found in complexes thatcontain ambidentate ligands. For example:
[Co(NH3)5 (NO2)]Cl2 and[Co(NH3)5 (ONO)Cl2
Yellow form Red form
(d) Coordinationisomerism:
This type of isomerism arises when theligands are interchanged between cationic and anionic entities of differnetmetal ions present in the complex.
[Co(NH3)6][Cr(CN)6] and [Cr(NH3)6][Co(CN)6]
(e) Ionizationisomerism:
Thistype of isomerism arises when a counter ion replaces a ligand within thecoordination sphere. Thus, complexes that have the same composition, butfurnish different ions when dissolved in water are called ionization isomers.For e.g., Co(NH3)5SO4)Brand Co(NH3)5Br]SO4.
(f) Solvateisomerism:
Solvate isomers differ by whether or not thesolvent molecule is directly bonded to the metal ion or merely present as afree solvent molecule in the crystal lattice.
[Cr[H2O)6]Cl3 [Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl2⋅H2O [Cr(H2O)5Cl2]Cl⋅2H2O